Homework

9/26/07
STI:
Clamydia:
What is it?
An infection caused by bacteria.
How do you get it?
Sexual content with someone who has it.
What are the symptoms?
Women:
may have no symptoms
pelvic pains, painful
or frequent urination
Men:
May have no symptoms
painful urination
discharge from penis
bleeding after intercourse
How can you know for sure?
Urin sample sent to lab
Discharge sample sent to lab
How is it treated?
Antibiotics
What can happen if you don't take care of it?
Can cause severe infections of the reproductive organs
Infertility
Can pass from mother to child during childbirth
Can spread infection to other sex partners

Gonorreah:
What is it?
An infection caused by bacteria
How do you get it?
Sexual contact
What are the symptoms?
Women:
no symptoms
pelvic pain
Men:
no symptoms
painful urination
How can you know for sure?
Urin sample
Discharge sample
How is it treated?
Antibiotics
What can happen if you don't take care of it?
Can cause PID and/or infertility
Can pass from mother to child
Heart trouble, skin issues, and/or arthritis
Can spread to other sex partners

Syphilis:
What is it?
infection caused by bacteria
How do you get it?
sexual contact
What are the symptoms?
painless sore or sores on penis, vagina, anus, or elsewhere on the body.
How can you know for sure?
medical exam
blood test
How is it treated?
antibiotics
possible hospitalization
What can happen if you don't take care of it?
Second stage:
new sores
Third stage:
damage to heart and brain

HIV/Aids:
What is it?
a virus that damages the body's ability to fight infections
How do you get it?
sexual contact
blood-to-blood contact
sharing contaminated needles
breast milk
What are the symptoms?
no symptoms
unexplain weight loss
How can you know for sure?
blood test
orasure test
How is it treated?
mixture of medicians to fight the spread of the infection and any accompanying illnesses
What can happen if you don't take care of it?
develop life-threatning illnesses
mother can pass to child
spread to sex and needle sharing partners

Genital Herpes:
What is it?
an infection caused by the herpes virus
How do you get it?
sexual contact or skin to skin contact
What are the symptoms?
painful blisters
sores dry us
swollen glands
How can you know for sure?
medical exam of blisters or sores
fluid maybe taken
blood test
How is it treated?
once infected virus stays in body
medication or cream
medication may prevent outbreaks
What can happen if you don't take care of it?
sores may come and go
can spread through sexual contact
childbirth

Genital Warts (HPV):
What is it?
infection caused by human papilloma virus
How do you get it?
sexual or skin to skin contact
What are the symptoms?
no symptoms
small painless califlower-like bump aroud genital area
itching or irritation
How can you know for sure?
medical exam of bumps
paptest
How is it treated?
Warts may be taken off
What can happen if you don't take care of it?
warts can get larger
HPV is the leading cause of cervical cancer
childbirth spread to sex partners

Pubic Lice or Crabs:
What is it?
parasite
How do you get it?
sexual or skin to skin contact
sharing infected towels, clothing, beding
What are the symptoms?
severe itching
may see lice or eggs in pubic hair
small dots of blood on underware
How can you know for sure?
visual exam of the area
How is it treated?
special shampoo or lotion
wash all stuff with blood on it
have others checked
What can happen if you don't take care of it?
bacterial infection
spread to other people
symptoms may get worse

10/4/07
Contraceptives
The Pill:
92-99% effective. Can make periods more regular and less painful. Can improve acne. Lower risk of ovarian cancer. Ability to get pregnant returns quickly after stopping. Must be taken daily. May cause nausea, weight gain, spotting, or headaches. These side affects vary between the different pills.

The Progestin-Only Pill:
This pill is also 92-99% effective and one pill must be taken at the same time everyday. Your ability to get pregnant returns quickly after stopping and can be used while breastfeeding. Some side effects may be spotting.

The patch:
Like the others so far it is 92-99% effective. You put on a new patch once a week for 3 weeks and then on the 4th week you dont wear one. This can make periods more regular and less painful, there is no pill to take daily and your ablility to get pregnant returns quickly after stopping. Wearing a patch for 3 weeks out of the month can irritate the skin underneath and/or around it.

NuvaRing:
A small ring is inserted into the vagina and a you insert a new one each month. This does not require any fitting done by a doctor or any spermicide. This method liek many others can make your period more regular and less painful. There is no pill to take daily and the your ablility to get pregnant returns quickly after stopping. however, this can cause vaginal discharge.

IUD Intrauterine Device:
This method is 98-99% effective. This must be placed in the uterus by a doctor or health care provider must be removed also by a doctor or health care provider. Some good things about this method is that there is nothing to put in place before having sexual intercourse, the ParaGard may be in place for up to 12 years, Mirena may be left in place for up to 5 years. There is no pill to take daily and your ablility to get pregnant returns quickly after removal. May reduce period cramps, bleeding and cn be used while breastfeeding. Some negative things about this method may be that ParaGard may cause an increase in cramps and heavier and longer periods but it may also cause lighter or fewer periods. Spotting may occur and very rarely the uterus can be injured during placement.

Male Condom:
It can be 85-98% effective (depending on if it was used correctly or not). You need to use a new condom everytime you have sex. Condoms are easy to buy, there is no prescription needed. It can beput on as part of sex play. It can help relieve early ejaculation and it protects against many infections including HIV.

Female Condom:
79-75% effective and you need to use a new one everytime you have sex. It is easy to buy, no prescription needed. Canbe put in as part of sex play. This method is good for people with latex allergy and protects you form many infections including HIV. Some side effects may be that it can slip out of place during sex and sometimes it may be hard to insert. It may also be noisy and it can irritate teh vagina and/or penis.

Spermicide
This is 71-82% effective. It must be ised everytime you have sex. It's easy to buy, no prescription needed. Cna be put in as a part of sex play and it comes in many different forms: cream, gel, foam, inserts. Using spermicide nonoxynol-9 may increase your risk of getting the HIV infection. You may have an allergy to latex or spemicide. This method should not be used during vaginal bleeding or infection and it also increases your risk of getting a bladder infection.

Diaphragm:
This can be from 80-94% effective. This must be used everytime you have sex and must be used with spermicide each time. It must must also be fitted be a health care provider. It can last several years adn costs very little to use. It can pritect you from some infections (NOT HIV). Using spermicide may increase your risk of getting the HIV infection. Allergy to latex or spermicide. This method should not be used during vaginal bleeding or infection and by using this method you increase your risk of getting a bladder infection.

Implanon:
This method is over 99% effective. A doctor must place this under the skin of the upper arm and it must also be removed by a doctor. This may be left in place for up to 3 years. Your ability to get pregnant returns quickly after removal. There is no daily medicine and can be used while breastfeeding. This may cause changes in your period. (spotting, heavier periods or no period at all) After 1 year many women dont have a period at all.

Depo-Provera shot:
This shot is 97% effective. Every 3 months you go to your doctor and get another shot. Each shot works for 12 years and helps prevent cancer of the uterus (womb). There is no pill to take every day and can be used while breastfeeding. This may cause changes in your period. (spotting, heavier periods or no period at all). May cause weight gain, depression, hair loss, skin rash and change sex drive. This method may cause a delay in getting pregnant after shots are stopped and some women may have side effects for upto 6 months after stopping.

Plan B:
This is 75-89% effective depending on how long you wait after having unprotected sex to take the pill. You take 2 pills together as soon as you can after having unprotected sex. Women and men 18 and older do not need a prescription. This can lower the risk of getting oregnant if taken within 5 days of unprotected sex and can be used while breatfeeding. Side effects other than nausea are not frequent, (vomiting, fatigue, headache, dizziness and breast pain). The next period sometimes comes a few days early or a few days late.

10/12/07
Tobaco

Women and smoking:
Women that smoke have a higher chance of getting heart disease and stroke. There is about 22% of women of ages between 18 to 44 smoke but only 8% of women over 65 do. Smoking damages air ways and air sockets in the lungs, and is realated to chronic coughing and wheezing. Female smokers aged 35 or older are almost 13 times more likely to die from emphysema or bronchitis. Women who smoke, especially after going through menopause, have lower bone density and a higher risk for fracture, including hip fracture, than women who do not smoke. Tobacco use can damage a woman's reproductive system. Smoking can also cause complications during pregnancy that can hurt both mother and baby. People that smoke have a higher risk of the placenta growing too close to the opening of the uterus. People that smoke are also more likely to have premature membrane ruptures and placentas that separate from the uterus too early. More than 10% of pregnant women smoke throughout their pregnancies. Smoking is linked to an increased risk of preterm delivery and infant death. Research also suggests that infants of mothers who smoke during and after pregnancy are 2 to 3 times more likely to die from sudden infant death syndrome than babies born to mothers that don't smoke.

10/23/07

Testicular Cancer:
Testicular cancer is caused by abnormal cells in the testes grow uncontrollably. It is easy to cure when you detect it in a early age but if you find it later on it is harder to cure or maybe not curable and may cause death. About 8,000 men a year get testicular cancer and from that 8,000 400 of them die from it. 1 out of every 100 cancers in men are testicular cancer. The rate of testicular cancer has been increasing and experts cannot find a reason for that. Most cases occur in young men around the ages of 15-39. And is most commonly in men 20-34, but 4% of men over 50 get it. White men, Asian-American, Latino, and Native American have higher rates of getting testicular cancer but white men are 5 to 10 times more likely to get it than African Americans.
Other factors increase the risk of developing testicular cancer:

* cryptorchidism — having a testicle that did not descend into the scrotum
* a family history of testicular cancer
* HIV
* Klinefelter's syndrome — a genetic condition that causes underdeveloped testicles and other problems
* having previously had testicular cancer
To protect yourself from testicular cancer you should get yourself checked when you visit a doctor or after you take a shower because then your testes stress less.

Cervical Cancer:
Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women and the first is HPV and you can get it by skin to skin contact. HPV is one of the cause of cervical cancer and there are ways to prevent getting cervical cancer.
1. Get vaccinated against HPV- HPV is one cause of cervical cancer and if you don't get it vaccinated then you are more likely to get than getting the vaccination shot.
2. Get regular Pap tests- if you get a pap test you can find out if you do have HPV or cervical cancer so you can get it treated at an early start.
3. Get tested for HPV- if you get a test for HPV you can get vaccinated for it so you can get a better chance of not getting cervical cancer.
4.Use condoms correctly and consistently- if you use a condom when you have intercourse you are more protected from getting cervical cancer because men can carry cervical cancer but they cannot get it. That is why you want to use a condom for intercourse.